Description
| ITEM | Scarab with Herakles |
| MATERIAL | Carnelian |
| CULTURE | Etruscan |
| PERIOD | 5th Century B.C |
| DIMENSIONS | 15 mm x 10 mm |
| CONDITION | Good condition |
| PROVENANCE | Ex European private collection, Ex Galerie Bader (1976), Ex Private collection, M.E.S. (1975), Switzerland |
The scarab shape, originally an Egyptian motif, was adopted by the Etruscans through their interactions with the Mediterranean world, particularly the Greeks and Phoenicians. These scarabs, often carved from semi-precious stones like carnelian, were used as amulets, seals, or personal adornments, symbolizing both status and protection. The choice of carnelian, a deep red-orange gemstone, was significant as it was believed to have protective and energizing properties. The depiction of Herakles, a hero from Greek mythology, highlights the strong Greek influence on Etruscan art and the admiration for his strength, courage, and heroic deeds.
The engraving of Herakles on such a scarab typically depicted the hero in one of his labors or heroic exploits, often in a dynamic pose that emphasized his muscular form and determination. The Etruscans were skilled in intaglio carving, a technique where the design was engraved into the surface of the stone, allowing it to be used as a seal when pressed into wax or clay. These scarabs were not only worn as protective talismans but also functioned as personal seals for the elite, indicating ownership or authenticity. The Herakles motif may have served as a symbol of strength, endurance, and divine favor, reinforcing the owner’s connection to heroic virtues and possibly even their social status.
Etruscan scarabs such as this reflect the cosmopolitan nature of Etruscan society, which absorbed and reinterpreted artistic elements from Egyptian, Greek, and Near Eastern traditions. The presence of Herakles on Etruscan gems and jewelry also suggests a deep appreciation for Greek mythology and its heroic ideals, which resonated within Etruscan aristocracy. These artifacts, often discovered in tombs, indicate their importance in both life and death, serving as protective charms for the afterlife.
